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We will learn how to find the equation of a straight line in two-point form or the equation of the straight line through two given points.
The equation of a line passing through two points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) is y - y1 = y2βy1x2βx1(x - x1)
Let the two given points be (x1, y1) and (x2, y2).
We have to find the equation of the straight line joining the above two points.
Let the given points be A (x1, y1), B (x2, y2) and P (x, y) be any point on the straight line joining the points A and B.
Now, the slope of the line AB is y1βy2x1βx2
And the slope of the line AP is yβy1xβx1
But the three points A, B and P are collinear.
Therefore, slope of the line AP = slope of the line AB
β yβy1xβx1 = y1βy2x1βx2
β y - y1 = y2βy1x2βx1 (x - x1)
The above equation is satisfied by the co-ordinates of any point P lying on the line AB and hence, represents the equation of the straight line AB.
Solved examples to find the equation of a straight line in two-point form:
1. Find the equation of the straight line passing through the points (2, 3) and (6, - 5).
Solution:
The equation of the straight line passing through the points (2, 3) and (6, - 5) is
yβ3x+2 = 3+52β6,[Using the form, yβy1xβx1 = y1βy2x1βx2]
β yβ3x+2 = 8β4
β yβ3x+2 = -2
β y - 3 = -2x - 4
β 2x + y + 1 = 0, which is the required equation
2. Find the equation of the straight line joining the points (- 3, 4) and (5, - 2).
Solution:
Here the given two points are (x1, y1) = (- 3, 4) and (x2, y2) = (5, - 2).
The equation of a line passing through two points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) is y - y1 = [y2βy1x2βx1](x - x1).
So the equation of the straight line in two point form is
y - y1 = y2βy1x2βx1 (x - x1)
β y - 4 = β2β45β(β3)[x - (-3)]
β y - 4 = β68(x + 3)
β y - 4 = β34(x + 3)
β 4(y - 4) = -3(x + 3)
β 4y - 16 = -3x - 9
β 3x + 4y - 7 = 0, which is the required equation.
β The Straight Line
11 and 12 Grade Math
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