Exact Value of tan 54°

We will learn to find the exact value of tan 54 degrees using the formula of multiple angles. 

How to find exact value of tan 54°?

Solution:

Let A = 18°                          

Therefore, 5A = 90°

⇒ 2A + 3A = 90˚

⇒ 2θ = 90˚ - 3A

Taking sine on both sides, we get

sin 2A = sin (90˚ - 3A) = cos 3A

⇒ 2 sin A cos A = 4 cos$^{3}$ A - 3 cos A

⇒ 2 sin A cos A - 4 cos$^{3}$ A + 3 cos A = 0

⇒ cos A (2 sin A - 4 cos$^{2}$ A + 3) = 0 

Dividing both sides by cos A = cos 18˚ ≠ 0, we get

⇒ 2 sin θ - 4 (1 - sin$^{2}$ A) + 3 = 0

⇒ 4 sin$^{2}$ A + 2 sin A - 1 = 0, which is a quadratic in sin A

Therefore, sin θ = $\frac{-2 \pm \sqrt{- 4 (4)(-1)}}{2(4)}$

⇒ sin θ = $\frac{-2 \pm \sqrt{4 + 16}}{8}$

⇒ sin θ = $\frac{-2 \pm 2 \sqrt{5}}{8}$

⇒ sin θ = $\frac{-1 \pm \sqrt{5}}{4}$

Now sin 18° is positive, as 18° lies in first quadrant.

Therefore, sin 18° = sin A = $\frac{-1 \pm \sqrt{5}}{4}$

Now, cos 36° = cos 2 ∙ 18°

⇒ cos 36° = 1 - 2 sin$^{2}$ 18°

⇒ cos 36° = 1 - 2$(\frac{\sqrt{5} - 1}{4})^{2}$

⇒ cos 36° = $\frac{16 - 2(5 + 1 - 2\sqrt{5})}{16}$

⇒ cos 36° = $\frac{1 + 4\sqrt{5}}{16}$

⇒ cos 36° = $\frac{\sqrt{5} + 1}{4}$

Therefore, sin 36° = $\sqrt{1 - cos^{2} 36°}$,[Taking sin 36° is positive, as 36° lies in first quadrant, sin 36° > 0]

⇒ sin 36° = $\sqrt{1 - (\frac{\sqrt{5} + 1}{4})^{2}}$

⇒ sin 36° = $\sqrt{\frac{16 - (5 + 1 + 2\sqrt{5})}{16}}$

⇒ sin 36° = $\sqrt{\frac{10 - 2\sqrt{5}}{16}}$

⇒ sin 36° = $\frac{\sqrt{10 - 2\sqrt{5}}}{4}$

Therefore, sin 36° = $\frac{\sqrt{10 - 2\sqrt{5}}}{4}$

Now sin 54° = sin (90° - 36°) = cos 36° = $\frac{√5 + 1}{4}$

Similarly, cos 54° = cos (90° - 36°) = sin 36° = $\frac{\sqrt{10 - 2\sqrt{5}}}{4}$

Therefore, tan 54° = $\frac{sin 54°}{cos 54°}$

⇒ tan 54° =   $\frac{\frac{√5 + 1}{4}}{\frac{\sqrt{10 - 2\sqrt{5}}}{4}}$

⇒ tan 54° = $\frac{√5 + 1}{\sqrt{10 - 2\sqrt{5}}}$

Therefore, tan 54° = $\frac{√5 + 1}{\sqrt{10 - 2\sqrt{5}}}$.

● Submultiple Angles

• Trigonometric Ratios of Angle $\frac{A}{2}$
• Trigonometric Ratios of Angle $\frac{A}{3}$
• Trigonometric Ratios of Angle $\frac{A}{2}$ in Terms of cos A
• tan $\frac{A}{2}$ in Terms of tan A
• Exact value of sin 7½°
• Exact value of cos 7½°
• Exact value of tan 7½°
• Exact Value of cot 7½°
• Exact Value of tan 11¼°
  
• Exact Value of sin 15°
• Exact Value of cos 15°
• Exact Value of tan 15°
  
• Exact Value of sin 18°
• Exact Value of cos 18°
• Exact Value of sin 22½°
• Exact Value of cos 22½°
• Exact Value of tan 22½°
• Exact Value of sin 27°
• Exact Value of cos 27°
• Exact Value of tan 27°
  
• Exact Value of sin 36°
• Exact Value of cos 36°
• Exact Value of sin 54°
• Exact Value of cos 54°
• Exact Value of tan 54°
• Exact Value of sin 72°
• Exact Value of cos 72°
• Exact Value of tan 72°
• Exact Value of tan 142½°
  
• Submultiple Angle Formulae
  
• Problems on Submultiple Angles

11 and 12 Grade Math

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