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Types of Fractions
The various types of fractions are:
1. Like Fractions:
The fractions having the same denominators are known as like fractions.
We know that fractions such as 2/5, 3/5, 5/5, 7/5, 9/5, ….etc., are like fractions.
2. Unlike Fractions:
Fractions having different denominators are called unlike fractions.
\(\frac{3}{5}\), \(\frac{2}{7}\), \(\frac{5}{9}\), \(\frac{4}{11}\), ......... are unlike fractions.
3. The same Numerator Fractions:
The factors having the same numerators are called the same numerator fractions.
Fractions such as 2/5, 2/7, 2/9, 2/11, …………, etc., are same numerator fractions.
4. Unit Fractions:
The fractions having one (1) as their numerator are called unit fractions.
1/3, 1/5, 1/7, 1/9, …………, etc., are unit fractions.
5. Proper Fractions:
A fraction in which the denominator is greater than the numerator is called a proper fraction. We can also say that a fraction with its numerator less than the denominator is known as a proper fraction.
1/2, 2/3, 4/5, 5/6, 7/10, 9/11, 11/21, 35/45, ……….., etc., are proper fractions.
A fraction in which numerator is less than its denominator.
[\(\frac{3}{4}\), \(\frac{5}{7}\), \(\frac{11}{17}\) ...............]
Observe the following number line.
Consider the fraction \(\frac{5}{8}\)
It lies between 0 and 1 and its numerator is less than the denominator.
Fractions in which numerators are smaller than the denominators are called proper fractions.
6. Improper Fractions:
A fraction in which the denominator is smaller than or equal to its numerator is called an improper fraction. We can also say that a fraction with its numerator greater than or equal to the denominator is known as an improper fraction.
5/3, 9/5, 11/7, 17/8, 21/14, 19/15, …….., etc., are improper fractions.
A fraction in which numerator is equal to or greater than its denominator.
[\(\frac{15}{7}\), \(\frac{24}{13}\), \(\frac{5}{5}\) ...............]
Consider the fraction \(\frac{10}{8}\)
It is greater than one and its numerator is greater than the denominator.
Fractions in which numerators are greater than the denominators are called improper fractions.
The fraction \(\frac{8}{8}\) = 1, similarly \(\frac{3}{3}\) = 1, \(\frac{7}{7}\) = 1, \(\frac{11}{11}\) = 1 .............
Fractions in which numerators are equal to the denominators are also called improper fractions.
7. Mixed Fractions:
When
an improper fraction is written as a combination of a whole number and a
proper number, it becomes a mixed fraction or mixed number.
As: 6/5 = 5 + 1/5 = 5/5 + 1/5 = 1 + 1/5 = 1\(\frac{1}{5}\)
1\(\frac{1}{2}\), 1(\frac{1}{4}\), 2(\frac{3}{4}\), 3(\frac{5}{7}\), 5(\frac{1}{9}\), ……….., etc., are mixed fractions.
(All types of fraction may be categorized into three kinds, i.e., proper, improper and mixed fraction).
Mary ate 2 apples and Kerry ate \(\frac{1}{2}\) of an apple. They are 2 and \(\frac{1}{2}\) apples together.
|
2 apples + \(\frac{1}{2}\) apple = 2 + \(\frac{1}{2}\) apples = 2\(\frac{1}{2}\) apples |
2 + \(\frac{1}{2}\) = 2\(\frac{1}{2}\) |
2\(\frac{1}{2}\) is read as two and a half.
In 2\(\frac{1}{2}\); 2 is the whole part and \(\frac{1}{2}\) is the proper fraction.
Fractions like 3\(\frac{3}{4}\), 5\(\frac{6}{13}\), 1\(\frac{1}{4}\) ................. are called mixed numbers.
A mixed number is the sum of a whole number and a proper fraction.
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Questions and Answers on Types of Fractions:
I. Write whether the following are proper fractions, improper fractions or mixed numbers.
(i) \(\frac{5}{9}\)
(ii) \(\frac{13}{17}\)
(iii) \(\frac{121}{7}\)
(iv) \(\frac{1}{1}\)
(v) 16\(\frac{2}{3}\)
Answer:
I. (i) Proper fraction
(ii) Proper fraction
(iii) Improper fraction
(iv) Improper fraction
(v) Mixed fraction
Related Concept
● Representation of a Fraction
● Properties of Equivalent Fractions
● Comparison of Like Fractions
● Comparison of Fractions having the same Numerator
● Conversion of Fractions into Fractions having Same Denominator
● Conversion of a Fraction into its Smallest and Simplest Form
● Addition of Fractions having the Same Denominator
● Subtraction of Fractions having the Same Denominator
● Addition and Subtraction of Fractions on the Fraction Number Line
4th Grade Math Activities
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