Magic Square

In a magic square, every row, column and each of the diagonals add up to the same total.

Here is a magic square. The numbers 1 to 9 are placed in the small squares in such a way that no number is repeated and the sum of the three digits column-wise, row-wise and diagonally is equal to 15.

This is a 3 by 3 magic square.

A. This is a magic square.

All 3 rows add upto 15.

All 3 columns add upto 15.

The 2 diagonals add upto 15.

There are 8 lines, each totaling 15.

In this magic square, numbers from 1 to 9 are used. In one of these lines, the numbers increase by 1. 

The diagonal is 4, 5, 6. 

Look carefully and find in which line does the numbers increase by (a) 2 (b) 3 

Similar magic squares are also made.

There are the examples of magic squares formed by the numbers 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13 having the diagonally, row-wise and column-wise sum of 27

In the same pattern other magic squares may be formed.

(i) Numbers are 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10, Sum = 18

(ii) Numbers are 3 to 11 and sum = 21

(iii) Numbers are 4 to 12 and sum = 24

(iv) Numbers are 6 to 14 and sum = 30

(v) Numbers are 7 to 15 and sum = 33

(vi) Numbers are 8 to 16 and sum = 36

(vii) Numbers are 9 to 17 and sum = 39

Magic squares having 4 or more rows and columns may be made.

B. This is a 4 by 4 magic square. Find out the missing numbers. What does each line add up to?

C. This is a 5 by 5 magic square.

It has 5 rows and 5 columns.

Find out the line total.

Check if each of the 5 rows, 5 columns and 2 diagonals add up to the same number.

At the centre of this 5 by 5 magic square is a 3 by 3 square. Draw this 3 by 3 square on a sheet of paper.

Copy the number in each box.

Is this 3 by 3 square A a magic square?

What is the line total of each row and column?

What is the total of the two diagonals? Do the numbers increase by 1 in any of the lines? Color that line.

Use different colors to shade lines where the numbers increase by (a) 2 (b) 3. 

D. This is a 6 by 6 magic square. 

Find the line total. 

Check that some of the rows and columns add up to this number.

Notice that the thick lines divide the square into 9 smaller squares.

Each small square has 4 numbers.

What do you notice about the 4 numbers in each of this small square? 

Add up the 4 numbers in each of the 9 squares.

Write your answer in a 3 by 3 square.

The first two squares haves been done for you.

(a) 29 + 30 + 31 + 32 = 122

(b) 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 = 10

(c) 21 + 22 +23 + 24 = ____

(d) 9 + 10 + 11 + 12 = ____

(e) 17 + 18 + 19 + 20 = ____

(f) 25 + 26 + 27 + 28 = ____

(g) 13 + 14 + 15 + 16 = ____

(h) 33 + 34 + 35 + 26 = ____

(i) 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 = ____

Now add up the numbers in each row, column, diagonal and confirm that this too is a magic square!

Observe the number pattern

1 ∙ 1 ∙ 2 ∙ 3 ∙ 5 ∙ 8 ∙ 13 ∙ 21 ∙ 34

Every number after the second number is equal to the sum of the two preceding numbers.

This type of relationship is called the Fibonacci sequence. It was developed by Leonardo Fibonacci of Italy around the year 1200.

We can observe numbers from the Fibonacci sequence in various places in nature; petals of flowers; leaves of plants; scales of pineapples and nodes of a pine cone.

Observe the number pattern

1 ∙ 3 ∙ 6 ∙ 10 ∙ 15 ∙ 21

This number sequence is made up of triangular number.

The sequence begins with 1. Then

1 + 2 = 3

3 + 3 = 6

6 + 4 = 10

10 + 5 = 15

15 + 6 = 21


There is another interesting fact.

You can take a number of 3 digits as 356.

If we write after it the same number of three digits we get 356356.

This number is divided by 7, 11 and 13.

479479 is also divided by 7, 11 and 13.

Similarly, other numbers may be made which would be divisible by 7, 11 and 13.

Related Concept

● Patterns and Mental Mathematics

● Counting Numbers in Proper Pattern

● Odd Numbers Patterns

● Three Consecutive Numbers

● Number Formed by Any Power

● Product of The Number

● Magic Square

● Square of a Number

● Difference of The Squares

● Multiplied by Itself

● Puzzle

● Patterns

● Systems of Numeration

4th Grade Math Activities

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