Multiplying 3-Digit Number by 1-Digit Number

Here we will learn multiplying 3-digit number by 1-digit number.

In two different types we will learn to multiply a three-digit number by a one-digit number.


A. Multiplication of 3-digit Number by 1-digit Number without Regrouping:

1. Multiply 201 by 3

Step I: Arrange the numbers vertically.

Step II: Multiply the digit at the ones place by 3.

1 × 3 = 3 ones

Step III: Now multiply the digit at the tens place by 3.

0 × 3 = 0 tens

Step IV: Now multiply the digit at the hundreds place by 3.

2 × 3 = 6 hundreds

Multiplying 3-Digit Number by 1-Digit Number

Thus, 201 × 3 = 603


2. Multiply 221 by 2.

               H     T     O

               2     2      1

                     ×      2

               4     4      2

First-Multiply ones by 2.

2 × 1 = 2. write 2 under O.

Then-Multiply tens by 2.

2 × 2 = 4, write 4 under T.

At last-Multiply hundreds by 2.

2 × 2 = 4. write 4 under H


Thus, 221 × 2 = 442


MULTIPLICATION OF A 3-DIGIT NUMBER BY A 1-DIGIT NUMBER WITHOUT REGROUPING:

3. Let us multiply 132 by 3.

Write the numbers one below the other as shown.

3-Digit by 1-Digit Multiplication

Step I: Multiply the ones digit by 3.

2 ones × 3 = 6 ones

Write 6 in the ones place.


Step II: Multiply the tens digit by 3.

3 tens × 3 = 9 tens

Write 9 in the tens place.


Step III: Multiply the hundreds digit by 3.

1 hundred × 3 = 3 hundreds

Write 3 in the hundreds place.


The product is 396.


Word Problems on Multiplication of a 3-digit Number by a 1-digit Number Without Regrouping:

4. Nairitee used 134 beads in a necklace. How many beads will she be used to make 2 necklaces?

134 × 2 = ?

Multiply Once Place

Step I: Arrange the numbers in correct columns.

Multiply the digit in the ones place by 2.

4 ones × 2 = 4 × 2 = 8 or 8 ones

Write 8 in the ones column.

Multiply Tens Place

Step II: Multiply the digit in the tens place by 2.

3 tens × 2 = 30 × 2 = 60 or 6 tens

Write 6 in the tens column.

Multiply Hundreds Place

Step III: Multiply the digit in the hundreds place by 2.

1 hundred × 2 = 100 × 2 = 200 or 2 hundreds

Write 2 in the hundreds column.

So, 134 × 2 = 268

Thus, she will use 268 beads.


You know how we multiply two digit number by one digit number. In the same way we can multiply 3-digit number by one digit number.

5. Multiply 243 by 2.

Solution:

Multiply each place in turn. Start with ones place.

3-Digits by 1-Digit Multiplication

Step I: 3 × 2 = 6 Ones

           Write 6 in ones column

Step II: 4 × 2 = 8 Tens

            Write 8 in tens column

Step III: 2 × 2 = 4 Hundreds

            Write 4 in hundreds column

The product = 486


B. Multiplication of 3-digit Number by 1-digit Number with Regrouping:

1. Multiply 246 by 4

Step I: Arrange the numbers vertically.

Step II: Multiply the digit at the ones place by 4.

6 × 4 = 24 = 2 tens + 4 ones

Write 4 in the ones column and carry over 2 to the tens column

Step III: Now multiply the digit at the tens place by 4.

4 × 4 = 16 tens

Now, 16 + 2 (carry over) = 18 tens = 1 hundred + 8 tens

Step IV: Now multiply the digit at the hundreds place by 4.

2 × 4 = 8 hundreds

Now, 8 + 1 (carry over) = 9 hundred

Multiplying 3-Digit Number by 1-Digit Number with Regrouping

Thus, 246 × 4 = 984


2. Multiply 453 by 6.

Step I: Arrange the numbers vertically.

Step II: Multiply the digit at the ones place by 6.

6 × 3 = 18 = 1 tens + 8 ones

Write 8 in the ones column and carry over 1 to the tens column

Step III: Now multiply the digit at the tens place by 6.

6 × 5 = 30 tens

Now, 30 + 1 (carry over) = 31 tens = 3 hundred + 1 tens

Write 1 in the tens column and carry over 3 to the hundred column.

 

Step IV: Now multiply the digit at the hundreds place by 6.

6 × 4 = 24 hundreds

Now, 24 + 3 (carry over) = 27 hundreds = 2 thousands and 7 hundreds.

Write 7 at the tens place and 2 at the thousands place.

Multiply 3-digit Number by a 1-digit Number with Regrouping

Thus, 453 × 6 = 2718


3. Multiply 167 by 2.

               H     T     O

               1     1

               1     6      7

                     ×      2

               3     3      4

× 2 = 14 = 1 ten + 4 ones.

write 4 under O.

Carry 1 ten. 6 × 2 = 12 + 1 = 13

13 = 1 hundred + 3 tens.

write 3 under T.

Carry 1 hundred. 2 × 1 = 2 + 1 = 3

write 3 under H.


4. Multiply 294 by 4.

Step I: Align the digits:

      Th     H     T     O

               2     9    4

                     ×      4

                                

Step II: Multiply ones.

4 ones × 4 = 16 ones 1 tens 6 ones.

Write 6 below ones place and carry 1 to the tens place.

      Th     H     T     O

                      1

               2     9      4

                     ×      4

                              6

Step III: Multiply tens.

9 tens × 4 = 36 tens.

36 tens + 1 tens (carried)

= 37 tens

3 hundreds + 7 tens

Write 7 below tens place and carry over 3 to the hundreds place.

      Th     H     T     O

               3     1

               2     9      4

                     ×      4

                      7      6

Step IV: Multiply hundreds. 

2 hundreds × 4 = 8 hundreds.

8 hundreds + 3 hundreds (carried) 

= 11 hundreds

Write 1 in hundreds place and 1 in thousands place.

      Th     H     T     O

               3     1

               2     9      4

                     ×      4

        1     1     7      6

Hence, 294 by 4 = 1,176


5. Multiply 239 by 8.

Step I: 

      Th     H     T     O

               2     3    9

                     ×      8

                                

Step II: 

      Th     H     T     O

                      7

               2     3    9

                     ×      8

                               2

Step III: 

      Th     H     T     O

               3     7

               2     3    9

                     ×      8

                      1      2

Step IV: 

      Th     H     T     O

               3     7

               2     3     9

                     ×      8

        1     9     1      2

Therefore, 239 × 8 = 1,912


6. Let us multiply 123 by 4.

Write the numbers one below the other as shown.

3-Digit by 1-Digit Multiplication with Regrouping

Step I: Multiply the ones digit by 4.

3 ones × 4 = 12 ones

Regroup: 12 ones = 1 ten and 2 ones

Write 2 in the ones place.

Carry over 1 ten and write it under T.


Step II: Multiply the tens digit by 4.

2 tens × 4 = 8 tens

Add 8 tens and 1 ten (carried over).

8 tens + 1 ten = 9 tens

Write 9 in the tens place.


Step III: Multiply the hundreds digit by 4.

1 hundred × 4 = 4 hundreds


The product is 492.


7. Multiply 542 by 3.

Solution:

3-Digit by 1-Digit Multiply

Step I: 2 × 3 = 6 Ones

            Write 6 in ones column

Step II:× 3 = 12 Tens

            Write 2 in tens column and carry 1 to the hundreds column

Step III:× 3 = 15 hundreds

Add 15 hundreds and 1 hundred (carried over).

15 hundreds and 1 hundred = 16 hundreds

Write 6 in hundreds column and take 1 to the thousands column

The product=1626.

Multiplying 3-Digit Number by 1-Digit Number with Regrouping Twice:

8. Let us multiply 145 by 3.

Write the numbers one below the other as shown.

3-Digit by 1-Digit Multiplication with Regrouping Twice

Step I: Multiply the ones digit by 3.

5 ones × 3 = 15 ones

Regroup: 15 ones = 1 ten and 5 ones

Write 5 in the ones place.

Carry over 1 ten and write it under T.


Step II: Multiply the tens digit by 3.

4 tens × 3 = 12 tens

Add 12 tens and 1 ten (carried over).

12 tens + 1 ten = 13 tens

Regroup: 13 tens = 1 hundred and 3 tens

Write 3 in the tens place.

Carry over 1 hundred and write it under H.


Step III: Multiply the hundreds digit by 3.

1 hundred × 3 = 3 hundreds

Add 3 hundreds and 1 hundred (carried over).

3 hundreds + 1 hundred = 4 hundreds

Write 4 in the hundreds place.


The product is 435.


Word Problems on Multiplying a 3-digit Number by a 1-digit Number with Regrouping:

9. There are 235 books in one rack. How many books can 4 such racks hold?

Multiply the Ones Place

Step I: Multiply the digit in the ones place by 4.

5 × 4 = 20

20 is a 2-digit number, keep 0 in the ones column and carry over 2 to the tens column.

Multiply the Tens Place

Step II: Multiply the digit in the tens place by 4.

Add the carried over number to the result.

3 × 4 = 12

12 + 2 = 14

Keep 4 in the tens column and carry over 1 to the hundreds column.

Multiply the Hundreds Place

Step III: Multiply the digit in the hundreds place by 4.

Add the carried over number to the result.

2 × 4 = 8

8 + 1 = 9

Write 9 in the hundreds column.

So, 4 racks can hold 940 books.


Worksheet on Multiplying 3-Digit Number by 1-Digit Number:

Multiplying 3-Digit Number by 1-Digit Number without Regrouping:

I. Multiply the following:

(i) 134 × 2

(ii) 320 × 3

(iii) 112 × 4

(iv) 301 × 2

(v) 202 × 2

(vi) 131 × 3

(vii) 220 × 4

(viii) 303 × 3


Answer:

I. (i) 268

(ii) 960

(iii) 448

(iv) 602

(v) 404

(vi) 393

(vii) 880

(viii) 909


Multiplying 3-Digit Number by 1-Digit Number with Regrouping:

II. Multiply the following:

(i) 237 × 4

(ii) 142 × 7

(iii) 235 × 4

(iv) 408 × 2

(v) 145 × 6

(vi) 126 × 3

(vii) 435 × 2

(viii) 157 × 5


Answer:

II. (i) 948

(ii) 994

(iii) 940

(iv) 816

(v) 870

(vi) 378

(vii) 870

(viii) 785


III. Multiply the following:

(i) 467 × 8

(ii) 706 × 7

(iii) 982 × 9

(iv) 351 × 6

(v) 738 × 5

(vi) 288 × 7


Answer:

III. (i) 3736

(ii) 4942

(iii) 8838

(iv) 1806

(v) 3690

(vi) 2016


IV. Multiply the Following 3-Digit Numbers by 1-Digit Number:

(i)

               H     T     O

               3     1      3

                     ×       2

                                

(ii)

               H     T     O

               8     6      6

                     ×       1

                                

(iii)

               H     T     O

               2     1      0

                     ×       3

                                

(iv)

               H     T     O

               0     0      3

                     ×       2

                                

(v)

               H     T     O

               1     1      7

                     ×       1

                                

(vi)

               H     T     O

               1     1      4

                     ×       4

                                

(vii)

               H     T     O

               2     1      5

                     ×       3

                                

(viii)

               H     T     O

               1     1      2

                     ×       6

                                

(ix)

               H     T     O

               1     2      3

                     ×       4

                                

(x)

               H     T     O

               3     0      3

                     ×       7

                                

(xi)

               H     T     O

               1     7      4

                     ×       3

                                

(xii)

               H     T     O

               2     8      5

                     ×       8

                                

(xii)

               H     T     O

               2     3      4

                     ×       4

                                

(xiv)

               H     T     O

               3     3      2

                     ×       6

                                

(xv)

               H     T     O

               4     5      2

                     ×       5

                                


V. Multiply and Fill in the Blanks:

(i) 222 × 3 = _____

(ii) 212 × 4 = _____

(iii) 323 × 2 = _____

(iv) 112 × 5 = _____

(v) 124 × 4 = _____

(vi) 225 × 9 = _____

(vii) 666 × 6 = _____

(viii) 444 × 5 = _____

(ix) 245 × 7 = _____

(x) 145 × 4 = _____

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