Prime Factorisation

Prime factorisation or complete factorisation of the given number is to express a given number as a product of prime factor.

When a number is expressed as the product of its prime factors, it is called prime factorization.

For example, 15 = 3 × 5. So, 3 and 5 are prime factors of 15.

Prime factors of a number are always the prime numbers, when a number is expressed as product of prime numbers, it is called prime factorization. Prime factorization can be done, using two methods: division method and factor tree method.

HCF of two or more numbers can be obtained by prime factorization. To find the HCF by prime factorization, we first find all the prime factors of the given numbers and then find the product of all the common prime factors. The product is the HCF of the given numbers.

Factor Tree Method:

We write pairs of factors for the given number in circles which make branches of a factor tree.

Division Method:

Divide the given numbers by the smallest prime number. Continue the division until it is not further divisible. Factorisation stops when we reach a prime number.

Observe the following examples of Prime factorisation in two methods i.e., Factor Tree Method and Division Method.

1. Find prime factorisation of 36.

$Prime Factorisation$

Prime factorisation of 36 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3.

= 2² × 3².

[Here two ways to solve factorisation one is tree factorisation method and the other one is by dividing.]

2. Find prime factorisation of 32.

Solution:

$Tree Factorisation Method$

Prime factorisation of 32 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2.

= 2⁵.

3. Find prime factorisation of 51.

Solution:

$Tree Factorisation Method$

Prime factorisation of 51 = 3 × 17.

= 3¹ × 17¹

= 3 × 17.

4. Draw a factor tree to show the prime factorization of 54.

Solution:

$Prime Factorization of 54$

5. Find prime factorisation of 57.

Solution:

$Tree Factorisation Method$

Prime factorisation of 57 = 3 × 19

= 3¹ × 19¹

= 3 × 19.

6. Find prime factorisation of 60.

Solution:

$Tree Factorisation Method$

Prime factorisation of 60 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 5.

= 2² × 3 × 5.

7. Find prime factorisation of 63.

Solution:

$Tree Factorisation Method$

Prime factorisation of 63 = 3 × 3 × 7.

= 3² × 7.

8. Find prime factorisation of 72.

Solution:

$Tree Factorisation Method$

Prime factorisation of 72 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3.

= 2³ × 3².

9. Find prime factorisation of 75.

Solution:

$Tree Factorisation Method$

Prime factorisation of 75 = 3 × 5 × 5.

= 3 × 5².

10. Find prime factorisation of 78.

Solution:

$Tree Factorisation Method$

Prime factorisation of 78 = 2 × 3 × 13.

11. Find prime factorisation of 93.

Solution:

$Tree Factorisation Method$

Prime factorisation of 93 = 3 × 31.

12. Find prime factorisation of 102.

Solution:

$Tree Factorisation Method$

Prime factorisation of 102 = 2 × 3 × 17.

13. Find prime factorisation of 120.

Solution:

$Tree Factorisation Method$

Prime factorisation of 120 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 5.

= 2³ × 3 × 5.

14. Find prime factorisation of 225.

Solution:

$Tree Factorisation Method$

Prime factorisation of 225 = 3 × 3 × 5 × 5.

= 3² × 5².

15. Find prime factorisation of 243.

Solution:

$Tree Factorisation Method$

Prime factorisation of 243 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3.

= 3⁵.

16. Find prime factorisation of 360.

Solution:

$Tree Factorisation Method$

Prime factorisation of 360 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 5.

= 2³ × 3² × 5.

Questions and Answers on Prime Factorisation:

I. Find the prime factors of the given number through prime factorization. First one is shown as an example for you.

(i) 144

$Prime Factorization of 144$

(ii) 81

(iii) 72

(iv) 48

(v) 100

(vi) 64

(vii) 108

(viii) 248

(ix) 256

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