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Construction of Bar Graphs

Now we will discuss about the construction of bar graphs or column graph. In brief let us recall about, what is bar graph?


Bar graph is the simplest way to represent a data.

● In consists of rectangular bars of equal width.

● The space between the two consecutive bars must be the same.

● Bars can be marked both vertically and horizontally but normally we use vertical bars.

● The height of bar represents the frequency of the corresponding observation.

For example, let us observe the following data of the bar graph.

The following data gives the information of the number of children involved in different activities.

Activities Dance Music Art Cricket Football
No. of Children 30 40 25 20 53


How to Construct a Bar Graph?

Steps in construction of bar graphs/column graph:

● On a graph, draw two lines perpendicular to each other, intersecting at 0.

● The horizontal line is x-axis and vertical line is y-axis.

● Along the horizontal axis, choose the uniform width of bars and uniform gap between the bars and write the names of the data items whose values are to be marked.

● Along the vertical axis, choose a suitable scale in order to determine the heights of the bars for the given values. (Frequency is taken along y-axis).

● Calculate the heights of the bars according to the scale chosen and draw the bars.

Bar graph gives the information of the number of children involved in different activities.

What is Bar Graph?


Solved examples on construction of bar graphs:

1. The percentage of total income spent under various heads by a family is given below.

Different Heads Food Clothing Health Education House Rent Miscellaneous
% Age of Total
Number
40% 10% 10% 15% 20% 5%

Represent the above data in the form of bar graph.


Examples on Construction of Bar Graphs


2. 150 students of class VI have popular school subjects as given below:

Subject French English Maths Geography Science
Number of Students 30 20 26 38 34

Draw the column graph/bar graph representing the above data.

Solution:

Take the subjects along x-axis, and the number of students along y-axis

Bar Graph Representation

Bar graph gives the information of favourite subjects of 150 students.


3. Number of students in 5 different classes of a school is given below. Read the data and represent it through a bar graph.


Classes

I

II

III

IV

V

Number of Students

150

200

175

250

225


Let us draw a bar graph to represent the given information.

(i) Draw a horizontal axis and mark the points on the line to show class I, class II, class III, class IV, class V at convenient intervals.

(ii) Draw a vertical axis and chose the 1 square = 25 students to mark the points to represent number of students.

(iii) Draw bars of equal thickness for each class keeping equal gap between the bars.

(iv) Give the title as number of students in 5 different classes of a school.

Making a Bar Graph

4. The vehicular traffic at a busy road crossing in a particular place was recorded on a particular day from 6am to 2 pm and the data was rounded off to the nearest tens.

Time in Hours 6 - 7 7 - 8 8 - 9 9 - 10 10 - 11 11 - 12 12 - 1 1 - 2
Number of Vehicles 100 450 1250 1050 750 600 550 200

Bar Graph or Column Graph

Bar graph gives the information of number of vehicles passing through the crossing during different intervals of time.


Reading a Bar Graph:

Information can also be shown on other kinds of charts. We can make charts on squared paper also. They are called bar graph. A bar graph has bars of different heights.

1. Look at the bar graph given below. Each bar shows the number of girls in the classes.

Reading a Bar Graph

Read the bar graph & fill in the blanks.

(i) How many classes are there in the school?

(ii) How many girls are there in class 1?

(iii) Total number of girls in the school.

(iv) Total number of girls in classes 4 & 5.

(v) Which class has maximum girls?


2. The following bar graph shows the different types of snacks available at snacks shoppy.

Bar Graph

Read the bar graph & fill in the blanks.

(i) How many snacks are there in the snacks shoppy?

(ii) How many sweets are there in snacks shoppy?

(iii) Which snacks are available in maximum number and how much?

(iv) Which snacks are available in minimum number and how much?

(v) In how much quantity your favorite snack is available?


3. The number of cycles produced by a factory in a week for 5 days is given below.


Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

700

800

1000

900

1200


Draw a bar graph with respect of the above information.


Solution:

Steps to draw the bar graph are as follows.

Step I: On a graph paper, draw a horizontal and vertical line.

Step II: Along a horizontal line, mark the days at points taken at equal distance.

Step III: Choose the scale as 1 division = 100 cycles

Step IV: The height boars as follows:

Production on Monday \(\frac{1}{100}\) × 700 = 7th division.

Production on Tuesday \(\frac{1}{100}\) × 800 = 8th division.

Production on Wednesday \(\frac{1}{100}\) × 1000 = 10th division.

Production on Thursday \(\frac{1}{100}\) × 900 = 9th division.

Production on Friday = \(\frac{1}{100}\) × 1200 = 12th division.


Step V: Draw bars of equal width and height as calculated in the Step IV at the points marked in Step II as shown in the bar graph.


4. A maths teacher checked weather the new technique of teaching he applied alter quarterly test was effective or not. He took the scores of the 5 weakest children in the quarterly test (our of 50) and in the half yearly test (out of 50) as follows:


Students

John

David

Mary

Sarah

Lisa

Quarterly

24

35

28

22

21

Half Yearly

28

32

30

30

34


Construct a bar graph to represent the above data.


Solution:

The required bar graph is as shown below:

Question and Answers on Bar Graph

Scale: 1 big division = 5 marks


5. The list given on next page is a list of some activities chosen by some students. Show this information with the help of a bargraph.


Activities

Dance

Music

Drawing

Yoga

Number of students

10

8

6

9


Constructing Bar Graph

Solution:

Step I: Read the data and draw a scale on the vertical line about the number of students.

Step II: Draw bars showing the number of students choose different activities on the horizontal line.

Step III: Give the bar graph a title and a scale of measurement.


Statistics


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