Multiplying 2-Digit Number by 1-Digit Number
Here we will learn multiplying 2-digit number by 1-digit number. In two different ways we will learn to multiply a two-digit number by a one-digit number.
Examples of multiplying 2-digit number by 1-digit number without Regrouping:
We will have a quick review of multiplication of 2-digit number by 1-digit number without regrouping:
1. Multiply 34 and 2
Solution:
|
Step I: Arrange the numbers vertically. Step II: First multiply the digit at the ones place by 2. 2 × 4 = 8 ones Step III: Now multiply the digit at the tens place by 2. 2 × 3 = 6 tens |
 Thus, 34 × 2 = 68 |
2. Multiply 20 by 3 by using expanded form
Solution:
20 → 2 tens + 0 ones
× 3 → × 3
6 tens + 0 ones
= 60 + 0
= 60
Therefore, 20 × 3 = 60
3. Multiply 50 by 1 by using short form
Solution:
50 → 50
× 1 → × 1
0 50
(i) First digit of one’s place is multiplied by 1, i.e., 0 × 1 = 0
(ii) Then digit at ten’s place is multiplied by 1, i.e., 5 tens × 1 = 5 tens
Hence, 50 × 1 = 50
4. Multiply 25 by 3
|
Step I: Arrange the numbers vertically. Step II: First multiply the digit at the ones place by 3. 3 × 5 = 15 = 1 ten + 5 ones Write 5 in the ones column and carry over 1 to the tens column Step III: Now multiply the digit at the tens place by 3. 3 × 2 = 6 tens Now, 6 + 1 (carry over) = 7 tens |
 Thus, 25 × 3 = 75 |
5. Multiply 46 by 4
|
Step I: Arrange the numbers vertically. Step II: Multiply the digit at the ones place by 4. 6 × 4 = 24 = 2 tens + 4 ones Write 4 in the ones column and carry over 2 to the tens column Step III: Now multiply the digit at the tens place by 4. 4 × 4 = 16 tens Now, 16 + 2 (carry over) = 18 tens = 1 hundred + 8 tens Write 8 at the tens place and 1 at the hundred place. |
 Thus,
46 × 4 = 184 |
6. Multiply 20 by 3 by using expanded form
Solution:
20 → 2 tens + 0 ones
× 3 → × 3
6 tens + 0 ones
= 60 + 0
= 60
Therefore, 20 × 3 = 60
7. Multiply 26 by 7 by using expanded form
Solution:
26 → 20 + 6 → 2 tens + 6 ones
× 7 → × 7 → × 7
(2 × 7) tens + (6 × 7) ones
2 tens + 6 ones
× 7 ones
14 tens + 42 ones
= 14 tens + (40 + 2) ones
= 14 tens + 4 tens + 2 ones
= 18 tens + 2 ones
= 180 + 2
= 182
Therefore, 26 × 7 = 182
8. Multiply 48 by 6 by using short form
Solution:
48
× 6
24 ← 48
= 28 tens 8 ones
= 288
Hence, 48 × 6 = 288
(i) 48 × 6 is written in column from.
(ii) 8 ones are multiplied by 6, i.e., 6 × 8 = 48 ones = 4 tens + 8 ones
8 is written is one’s column and 4 tens is gained.
(iii) Gained 4 is carried to the ten’s column.
(iv) Now 4 tens is multiplied by 6, i.e., 4 tens × 6 = 24 tens
(v) Carried 4 tens is added to 24 tens, i.e., 4 tens + 24 tens = 28 tens
9. Find the product of 58 × 5.
Solution:
58
× 5
25 ← 40
= 25 + 4 ← 0
= 29 0
= 290
(i) 8 ones × 5 = 40 = 4 tens + 0 one
(ii) 5 tens × 5 = 25 tens
(iii) 25 tens + 4 tens = 29 tens
Hence, 58 × 5 = 290
10. Multiply 37 by 8
Solution:
3 7
× 8
5 6
+ 2 4 0
2 9 6
(i) 7 ones × 8 = 56 ones = 5 tens 6 ones
56 is placed in such way that 5 comes under tens and 6 under ones
(ii) 3 tens × 8 = 24 tens = 240 ones
= 2 hundreds, 4 tens and 0 ones
240 is placed below 56 in such way that 2 comes under hundreds, 4 under tens and 0 under ones.
Hence, 37 × 8 = 296
Questions and Answers on Multiplying 2-Digit Number by 1-Digit Number:
Multiplication of 2-Digit Number by 1-Digit Number Without Regrouping:
I. Find the product:
(i) 23 × 3 =
(ii) 44 × 2 =
(iii) 33 × 2 =
(iv) 22 × 4 =
(v) 32 × 3 =
(vi) 40 × 2 =
(vii) 43 × 2 =
(viii) 12 × 3 =
(ix) 23 × 2 =
(x) 11 × 9 =
(xi) 21 × 4 =
(xii) 13 × 3 =
Answer:
I. (i) 69
(ii) 88
(iii) 66
(iv) 44
(v) 96
(vi) 80
(vii) 86
(viii) 36
(ix) 46
(x) 99
(xi) 84
(xii) 39
Multiplication of 2-Digit Number by 1-Digit Number With Regrouping:
II. Find the product:
(i) 46 × 2
(ii) 19 × 4
(iii) 27 × 3
(iv) 18 × 5
Answer:
II. (i) 92
(ii) 76
(iii) 81
(iv) 90
III. Multiply the following:
(i) 78 × 4
(ii) 63 × 6
(iii) 51 × 6
(iv) 39 × 8
(v) 72 × 9
(vi) 45 × 7
(vii) 17 × 4
(viii) 88 × 8
Answer:
III. (i) 312
(ii) 398
(iii) 306
(iv) 312
(v) 648
(vi) 315
(vii) 68
(viii) 704
IV. Solve the following:
(i) 37 × 6
(ii) 72 × 4
(iii) 56 × 7
(iv) 84 × 2
(v) 45 × 9
Answer:
IV. (i) 37 × 6
(ii) 72 × 4
(iii) 56 × 7
(iv) 84 × 2
(v) 45 × 9
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