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We will discuss here about the concept of temperature. We have already learned about various types of measurements like length, mass capacity and time. But if we have fever, none of these measurements can help us to find out how high a fever we have.
Generally, whenever you are down with fever, your mother measures your body temperature with an instrument called thermometer.
In summer, when it becomes very hot, people talk about rise in temperature. Similarly, when it is very cold in winter, people talk about fall of temperature.
Temperature tells us
how hot or cold a thing is.
Like other measurements such as length, mass, capacity and time etc temperature is also a type of measurement.
We use a thermometer for measuring the temperature. It is made of glass tube with a very narrow tube inside. It has a bulb at one end which contains mercury or some other liquid in it. Most of the thermometers contain mercury in it. Mercury moves up in the inner tube as the temperature rises and falls down as the temperature decreases. We measure the temperature in degrees marked on it. We use the symbol (°) for degree.
Temperature is measured between two standard fixed points.
(i) The freezing point of water
(ii) The boiling point of water
The temperature of an object is measured by an instrument is called thermometer. Now we will learn about the measurement of temperature.
Take two cups, one containing normal water and another containing hot water. Put your fore finger of one hand in one cup and of another hand in the other cup. We find, one contains cold water and the other contains hot water. But the question is how much cold and how much hot. To find this out, we need some measure of hotness or coldness.
Temperature is the degree of hotness or coldness of a body. The instrument which measures the temperature of body is known as thermometer.
Each thermometer has a scale. Two different temperature scales are in common use today:
1. The Fahrenheit Scale (32° F to 212° F)
2. The Celsius Scale (0° C to 100° C)
Celsius Thermometer |
Fahrenheit Thermometer | |
It is based on Celsius scale named after Anders Celsius, a Swedish scientist. The thermometer is marked from 0° to 100°. In Celsius scale, water freezes at 0° C to and boils at 100° C. Therefore, the lower fixed point is 0° C and the upper fixed point is 100° C. |
Fahrenheit thermometer was invented by a German scientist, G.D. Fahrenheit. It is marked from 32° to 212°. In Fahrenheit scale, water freezes at 32° F and boils at 212° F. Therefore, the lower fixed point is 32° F and the upper fixed point is 212° F. |
Thermometer has scale in degree Fahrenheit (℉) and in degree Celsius (℃). The Fahrenheit scale has the melting point of ice at 32° F and the boiling point of water at 212° F. Thus, the Fahrenheit scale is marked from 32° to 212° where 32° F shows the freezing point of water and 212° F shows the boiling point of water. At present most of the countries use the degrees Celsius thermometers. The Celsius scale (is also called centigrade scale) thermometer has 0° C as freezing point of water and 100° C as the boiling point of water.
On comparing the Celsius and Fahrenheit scale we find:
It is based on Fahrenheit scale. It is used to measure the human body temperature in Fahrenheit scale. It is marked from 94° F to 108° F. On Fahrenheit scale, the normal human body temperature is 98.6° F.
It is based on Celsius scale. It is used to measure the human body temperature. It is marked from 35° C to 42° C. On Celsius scale, the normal human body temperature is 37° C. A clinical thermometer is also known as a doctor's thermometer.
Questions and Answers on Temperature:
I. Write True or False.
1. The instrument used to measure body temperature in thermometer.
2. The normal body temperature is 98.6°F.
3. The liquid inside the thermometer is mercury.
4. The unit of measure of temperature is inches.
5. 0°C is cooler than 0°F.
Answer:
I. 1. True.
2. True.
3. True.
4. False.
5. False.
II. Fill in the blanks.
1. Temperature is measured by a __________.
2. Normal human body temperature is __________ °C or __________ °F.
3. Freezing point of water is __________ °C or __________ °F.
4. Boiling point of water is __________ °C or __________ °F.
5. A doctor uses a __________ thermometer.
Answer:
II. 1. Thermometer
2. 37; 98.6
3. 0; 32
4. 100; 212
5. clinical
● Temperature.
Converting the Temperature from Celsius to Fahrenheit.
Converting the Temperature from Fahrenheit to Celsius.
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