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We will discuss here about the polynomial equation and its roots.
If f(x) is a polynomial in x of degree ≥ 1 whose coefficients are real or complex numbers then f(x) = 0 is called its corresponding polynomial equation.
Examples of polynomial equation:
(i) 5x2 + 2 x - 7 is a quadratic polynomial and 5x2 + 2 x - 7 = 0 is its corresponding quadratic equation.
(ii) 2x3 + x2 + 5x - 3 is a cubic polynomial and 2x3 + x2 + 5x - 3 = 0 is its corresponding cubic equation.
(iii) x4 + x2 - 2x + 6 is a cubic polynomial and x4 + x2 - 2x + 6 = 0 is its corresponding cubic equation.
(iv) x5 + 2x4 + 2x3 + 4x2 + x + 2 is a cubic polynomial and x5 + 2x4 + 2x3 + 4x2 + x + = 0 is its corresponding equation.
If α be a value of x for which f(x) becomes zero, i.e., f(α) = 0, then α is said to be a root of the equation f(x) n= 0.
In other words,
α is called a root of the polynomial equation f(x) = 0 if f(α) = 0.
Examples of root of the polynomial equation:
(i) Let f(x) = 4x3 + 12x2 - 4x - 12. As 4(1)3 + 12(1)2 - 4(1) - 12 = 4 + 12 - 4 - 12= 0, i.e., f(1) = 0, f(x) = 0 has a root x = 1.
(ii) Let f(x) = x2 - 2x - 3. As (-1)2 - 2(-1) - 3 = 1 + 2 - 3 = 0, i.e., f(-1) = 0, f(x) = 0 has a root x = -1
(iii) Let f(x) = x4 + x3 – 2x2 + 4x - 24. As (2)4 + (2)3 - 2(2)2 + 4(2) - 24 = 16 + 8 – 8 +8 + 8 = 0, i.e., f(2) =0, f(x) has a root x = 2
(iv) Let f(x) = x3 + x2 - x - 1. As (1)3 + (1)2 – (1) – 1 = 1 + 1 - 1 - 1 = 0, i.e., f(1) = 0, f(x) = 0 has a root x = 1.
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