Factors and Multiples by using Division Facts

Factors and multiples by using division facts are explained here. With the help of this operation we shall learn some other terms.

Consider the following factors and multiples by using division facts:

(i)

$Factors and Multiples by using Division Facts$

15 is not completely divisible by 2

i.e., 14 ÷ 2 = 7 or dividend ÷ divisor = quotient

When a number (dividend) is completely divided by another number (divisor), then this divisor is called a factor and the dividend is called a multiple of the divisor.

Here 2 is the factor of the multiple 14.

14 ÷ 1 = 14, 14 ÷ 14 = 1, 14÷ 7 = 2

So the divisors 1, 14 and 7 are also the complete divisors or factors of the dividend (multiple) 14.

Thus, the factor must be a complete divisor of the multiple (dividend).

(ii) 18 ÷ 2 = 9,

18 ÷ 3 = 6,

18 ÷ 9 = 2,

18÷ 6 = 3,

18 ÷ 1 = 18,

18 ÷ 18 = 1

If 18 are divided by 2, 3, 9, 6, 1 and 18, it is completely divided.

Thus, 2, 3, 9, 6, 1, 18 or 1, 2, 3, 6, 9 and 18 are the complete divisors or the factors of the multiple 18.

We may define a factor as the multiplier or complete divisor of its multiple.

A multiple has many but limited numbers of factors.

35 have 4 factors, i.e., 1, 5, 7 and 35.

42 have 8 factors, i.e., 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 14, 21 and 42.

(iii) Let us find the factors of 24.

By division method

24 ÷ 1 = 24

24 ÷ 2 = 12

24 ÷ 3 = 8

24 ÷ 4 = 6

1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 are the factors of 24

Taking help of division to check multiples

(i) Is 24 a multiple of 8? Use division.

24 ÷ 8 = 3 (No remainder)

Yes, 24 is a multiple of 8.

(ii) Is 56 a multiple of 5? Use division.

56 ÷ 5

$division to check multiples$

Here remainder is 1

56 is not a multiple of 5 because there is a remainder.

(iii) Is 456 a multiple of 9? Use division.

456 ÷ 9

$check multiples$

Here remainder is 6

456 is not a multiple of 9 because there is a remainder.

Note:

In division if there is no remainder, the dividend is the multiple of the divisor.

Finding the factors of a number through division

(i) Take a look. Is 5 a factor of 15?

15 ÷ 5 = 3 15 ÷ 3 = 5

$Factors of a Number$

No remainder No remainder

5 is factor of 15. 3 is a factor of 15.

Both 3 and 5 are factor of 15.

(ii) Find the factors of 36:

$Factors of 36$

1 × 36 = 36 2 × 18 = 36 3 × 12 = 36

$Find the factors of 36$

4 × 9 = 36 5 is not a factor of 36 6 × 6 = 36

Note:

No need to do any more division because the factors are getting repeated.

Now we can write the factors like this:

The factors of 36 are:

1 × 36 = 36

2 × 18 = 36

3 × 12 = 36

4 × 9 = 36

6 × 6 = 36

The factors of 36 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, 36.

Note:

It is very important to work systematically in math.

(iii) Is 7 a factor of 24?

24 ÷ 7 = 3 remainder 3

$factor of 24$

Here, remainder = 3

7 is not a factor of 24.

Taking help of division to check multiples

(i) Is 24 a multiple of 8? Use division.

24 ÷ 8 = 3 (No remainder)

Yes, 24 is a multiple of 8.

(ii) Is 56 a multiple of 5? Use division.

56 ÷ 5

$multiple of 5$

Here remainder is 1

56 is not a multiple of 5 because there is a remainder.

(iii) Is 456 a multiple of 9? Use division.

456 ÷ 9

$multiples of 9$

Here remainder is 6

456 is not a multiple of 9 because there is a remainder.

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