Direct Variation

Direct Variation or Direct Proportion:

Two quantities are said to vary directly if the increase (or decrease) in one quantity causes the increase (or decrease) in the other quantity.

Examples on Direct Variation or Direct Proportion:

(i) The cost of articles varies directly as the number of articles. (More articles, more cost)

(ii) The distance covered by a moving object varies directly as its speed. (More speed, more distance covered in the same time)

(iii) The work done varies directly as the number of men at work. (More men at work, more is the work done in the same time)

(iv) The work done varies directly as the working time. (More is the working time, more is the work done)

Solved worked-out problems on Direct Variation:

1. If $ 166.50 is the cost of 9 kg of sugar, how much sugar can be purchased for $ 259?

Solution:

For $ 166.50, sugar purchased = 9 kg

For $ 1, sugar purchased = 9/166.50 kg [less money, less sugar]

For $ 259, sugar purchased = {(9/166.50) × 259} kg
[More money, more sugar]

= 14 kg.

Hence, 14 kg of sugar can be purchased for $ 259.

2. If one score oranges cost $ 45, how many oranges can be bought for $ 72?

Solution:

For $ 45, number of oranges bought = 20

For $ 1, number of oranges bought = 20/45 [less money, less oranges]

For $ 72, number of oranges bought = {(20/45) × 72}
[More money, more oranges]

= 32.

Hence, the number of oranges bought for $ 72 is 32.

3. If a car covers 82.5 km in 5.5 litres of petrol, how much distance will it cover in 13.2 litres of petrol?

Solution:

In 5.5 litres of petrol, distance covered = 82.5 km

In 1 litre of petrol, distance covered = 82.5/5.5 km
[less petrol, less distance]

In 13.2 litres of petrol, distance covered = {(82.5/5.5) × 13.2} km
[More petrol, more distance]

= 198 km.

Hence, the car covers 198 km in 13.2 litres of petrol.

More examples on Direct Variation word problems:

4. If 5 men or 7 women can earn $ 875 per day, how much would 10 men and 5 women earn per day?

Solution:

5 men = 7 women

⇒ 1 man = 7/5 women

⇒ 10 men = (7/5 × 10) women = 14 women

⇒ (10 men + 5 women) ≡ (14 women + 5 women) = 19 women.

Daily earning of 7 women = $ 875

Daily earning of 1 woman = $ (875/7) [less women, less earning]

Daily earning of 19 women = $ (875/7 × 19)
[More women, more earning]

= $ 2375

Hence, 10 men and 5 women earn $ 2375 per day.

5. If 3 men or 4 women earn $ 480 in a day, find how much will 7 men and 11 women earn in a day?

Solution:

One day earning of 3 men = $ 480

One day earning of 1 man = $ (480/3) [less men, less earning]

One day earning of 7 men = $ (480/3 × 7) [more men, more earning]

= $ 1120

One day earning of 4 women = $ 480

One day earning of 1 woman = $ (480/4) [less women, less earning]

One day earning of 11 women = $ (480/4 x 11)
[More women, more earning]

= $ 1320

One day earning of 7 men and 11 women = $ (1120 + 1320) = $ 2440.

6. The cost of 16 packets of salt, each weighing 900 grams is $ 84. What will be the cost of 27 packets of salt, each weighing 1 kg?

Solution:

Cost of 16 packets, each weighing 9/10 kg = $ 84

Cost of 16 packets, each weighing 1 kg = $ (84 × 10/9)
[more weight per packet, more cost]

Cost of 1 packet, each weighing 1 kg = $ (84 × 10/9 × 1/16)
[less packets, less cost]

Cost of 27 packets, each weighing 1 kg = $ (84 × 10/9 × 1/16 × 27)

= $ (315/2)

= $ 157.50

[more packets, more cost]

Hence, the cost of 27 packets, each weighing 1 kg is $ 157.50.

7. If the wages of 15 workers for 6 days are $ 9450, find the wages of 19 workers for 5 days.

Solution:

Wages of 15 workers for 6 days = $ 9450

Wages of 1 worker for 6 days = $ (9450/15)
[less workers, less wages]

Wages of 1 worker for 1 day = $ (9450/15 × 1/6)
[less days, less wages]

Wages of 19 workers for 1 day = $ (9450 × 1/6 × 19)
[more workers, more wages]

Wages of 19 workers for 5 day = $ (9450 × 1/6 × 19 × 5)
[more workers, more wages]

= $ 9975

Hence, the wages of 19 workers for 5 days = $ 9975.

Direct Variation