Properties of Multiplication

In this section, we shall learn some interesting properties of multiplication.

1. Order Property of Multiplication:

Look at the figures given below:

3 + 3 = 6      Thus, 3 two times is 6.      So, 2 × 3 = 6		2 + 2 + 2 = 6      Thus, 2 three times is 6.      So, 3 × 2 = 6

What do we conclude?

We conclude that when two numbers are multiplied they may be taken in any order. The result remains the same. This is called the order property.

More examples: 4 × 3 = 3 × 4, 5 × 6 = 6 × 5 etc.

2. Multiplicative Property of 1:

Look at the figures given below:

What do we conclude?

When a number is multiplied by 1, the answer is the number itself. This is called multiplicative property of 1.

More examples: 1 × 4 = 4,  1 × 8 = 8,  1 × 10 = 10 etc

3. Multiplicative Property of 0:

We know that: 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 = 0

Thus, 0 four times = 0

So, 0 * 4 = 0

By order property: 0 × 4 = 4 × 0

Hence, 0 × 4 = 4 × 0 = 0

Similarly, 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 = 0

Thus, 0 six times = 0

So, 0 × 6 = 0

But, 0 × 6 = 6 × 0

Hence, 0 × 6 = 6 × 0 = 0

What do we conclude?

We conclude that when any number is multiplied by zero, the product is always zero.

1. Fill in the empty boxes by using the properties of multiplication:

(i) 4 × 1 = _____

(ii) 9 × 0 = _____

(iii) 2 × 7 = _____ × 2

(iv) 5 × 0 = _____

(v) 10 × 1 = _____

(vi) 0 × 8 = _____

(vii) 3 × 5 = _____ × 3

(viii) 8 × 1 = _____

(ix) 0 × 7 = 7 × _____

(x) _____ × 13 = 13 × 6

(xi) _____ × 9 = 0

(xii) 6 × _____ = 3 × 6

Answer:

1. (i) 1

(ii) 0

(iii) 7

(iv) 0

(v) 10

(vi) 0

(vii) 5

(viii) 8

(ix)0

(x) 6

(xi) 0

(xii) 3

2nd Grade Math Practice

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