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Here we will solve different types of Problems on Factorization using a2 – b2 = (a + b)(a – b).
1. Factorize: 4a2 – b2 + 2a + b
Solution:
Given expression = 4a2 – b2 + 2a + b
= (4a2 – b2) + 2a + b
= {(2a)2 – b2} + 2a + b
= (2a + b)(2a – b) + 1(2a + b)
= (2a + b)(2a – b + 1)
2. Factorize: x3 – 3x2 – x + 3
Solution:
Given expression = x3 – 3x2 – x + 3
= (x3 – 3x2) – x + 3
= x2(x – 3) – 1(x – 3)
= (x – 3)(x2 – 1)
= (x – 3)(x2 – 12)
= (x – 3)(x + 1)(x - 1)
3. Factorize: 4x2 – y2 + 2x – 2y – 3xy
Solution:
Given expression = 4x2 – y2 + 2x – 2y – 3xy
= x2 – y2 + 2x – 2y + 3x2 – 3xy
= (x + y)(x – y) + 2(x – y) + 3x(x – y)
= (x – y)(x + y + 2 + 3x)
= (x – y)(4x + y + 2)
4. Factorize: a4 + a2b2 + b4
Solution:
Given expression = a4 + a2b2 + b4
= a4 + 2a2b2 + b4 - a2b2
= (a2)2 + 2 ∙ a2 ∙ b2 + (b2)2 - a2b2
= (a2 + b2)2 – (ab)2
= (a2 + b2 + ab)( a2 + b2 – ab)
5. Factorize: x2 – 3x - 28
Solution:
Given expression = x2 – 3x - 28
= {x2 – 2 ∙ x ∙ 32 + (32)2} – (32)2 - 28
= (x - 32)2 – (94 + 28)
= (x - 32)2 – 1214
= (x - 32)2 – (112)2
= (x - 32 + 112)(x - 32 - 112)
= (x + 4)(x – 7)
6. Factorize: x2 + 5x + 5y – y2
Solution:
Given expression = x2 + 5x + 5y – y2
= (x2 – y2) + 5x + 5y
= (x + y)(x – y) + 5(x + y)
= (x + y)(x – y + 5)
7. Factorize: x2 + xy – 2y - 4
Solution:
Given expression = x2 + xy – 2y – 4
= (x2 – 4) + xy – 2y
= (x2 – 22) + y(x – 2)
= (x + 2)(x – 2) + y(x – 2)
= (x - 2)(x + 2 + y)
= (x - 2)(x + y + 2)
8. Factorize: a2 – b2 – 10a + 25
Solution:
Given expression = a2 – b2 – 10a + 25
= (a2 – 10a + 25) – b2
= (a2 – 2 ∙ a ∙ 5 + 52) – b2
= (a – 5)2– b2
= (a – 5 + b)(a – 5 – b)
= (a + b – 5)(a – b – 5)
9. Factorize: x(x – 2) – y(y – 2)
Solution:
Given expression = x(x – 2) – y(y – 2)
= x2 – 2x – y2 + 2y
= (x2 – y2) – 2x + 2y
= (x + y)(x – y) – 2(x – y)
= (x – y)(x + y – 2).
10. Factorize: a3 + 2a2 – a - 2
Solution:
Given expression = a3 + 2a2 – a - 2
= a2(a + 2) – 1(a + 2)
= (a + 2)(a2 – 1)
= (a + 2)(a2 – 12)
= (a + 2)(a + 1)(a – 1)
11. Factorize: a4 + 64
Solution:
Given expression = a4 + 64
= (a2)2 + 82
= (a2)2 + 2 ∙ a2 ∙ 8 + 82 - 2 ∙ a2 ∙ 8
= (a2 + 8)2 – 16a2
= (a2 + 8)2 – (4a)2
= (a2 + 8 + 4a)(a2 + 8 - 4a)
= (a2 + 4a + 8)(a2 - 4a + 8)
11. Factorize: x4 + 4
Solution:
Given expression = x4 + 4
= (x2)2 + 22
= (x2)2 + 2 ∙ x2 ∙ 2 + 22 - 2 ∙ x2 ∙ 2
= (x2 + 2)2 – 4x2
= (x2 + 2)2 – (2x)2
= (x2 + 2 + 2x) (x2 + 2 – 2x)
= (x2 + 2x + 2) (x2 – 2x + 2)
12. Express x2 – 5x + 6 as the difference of two squares and then factorize.
Solution:
Given expression = x2 – 5x + 6
= x2 – 2 ∙ x ∙ 52 + (52)2 + 6 - (52)2
= (x - 52)2 + 6 - 254
= (x - 52)2 - 14
= (x - 52)2 – (12)2, [Difference of two squares]
= (x - 52 + 12)(x - 52 - 12)
= (x – 2)(x - 3)
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