Basic Division Facts

Some basic division facts are needed to follow for dividing numbers. The repeated subtraction of the same number is expressed by division in short form and in long form.

Share 12 pencils between 2 children. To find how many pencils each child will get, we start giving 1 pencil to each child until we are left with no pencils.

This means 12 pencils have been divided into 2 groups of 6 pencils. Each child gets 6 pencils.

It means that there are 2 groups of 6.

               This is written as 12 ÷ 2 = 6

This is called a division fact.

Let there be 12 mangoes. These mangoes are to be distributed equally among 4 boys.

Let us distribute 12 mangoes among the 4 boys separately to have the mangoes. First of all one mango is placed for each boy.

We see that a number of mangoes are left. Then another mango is placed for each boy. Still there are mangoes left.

Now a third mango is placed for each boy. Now each boy has 3 mangoes and no mango is left outside.

On adding the mangoes for each boy we get;

3 mangoes + 3 mangoes + 3 mangoes + 3 mangoes = 12 mangoes

It means: 3 mangoes 4 times = 12            

or, 3 × 4 = 12

It proves the multiplication fact 3 × 4 = 12. Again if we take away 3 four times from 12 we get zero.

It means 12 – 3, four times = 0, 12 ÷ 3 = 4

or, 12 ÷ 4 = 3

Hence we get,

(i) 3 four times or four times 3 shows the multiplication fact:

3 × 4 = 12

or, 4 × 3 = 12

(ii) 3 taken out 4 times shows the basic division fact:

12 ÷ 3 = 4

or, 12 ÷ 4 = 3

Thus, distributing equally or making groups of equal number of objects shows the division fact.

(i) Adding the same number repeatedly shows multiplication fact:

(3 + 3 + 3 + 3 = 4 × 3 = 12)

(ii) Subtracting the same number repeatedly shows division fact:

(12 – 3 – 3 – 3 – 3 = 0; 12 ÷ 3 = 4)

Thus, the process of division is the inverse of multiplication and the process of multiplication is the inverse of division.

Therefore, we also know that;

(i) 3 × 4 = 12 gives two division facts as 12 ÷ 3 = 4 and 12 ÷ 4 = 3

(ii) 12 ÷ 3 = 4 gives two multiplication facts as 3 × 4 = 12 and 4 × 3 = 12.

Identify the dividend, divisor and the quotient in the given division statement.

Let us recall some of the important facts about division.

• Division means splitting into equal groups.
• Division is repeated subtraction.
• Division is inverse of multiplication.

In a division sum of the number to be divided is called the dividend. The number by which we divide is called the divisor. The result of divisor is called the quotient.

Review of Division :

• When we make equal groups, we use division.

• The sign of division is ÷

• A number divided by itself equals to 1.

e.g. 7 ÷ 7 = 1  or  4 ÷ 4 = 1  or  9 ÷ 9 = 1

• A number divided by 1 equals to the number itself.

e.g. 2 ÷ 1 = 2  or  5 ÷ 1 = 5  or   8 ÷ 1 = 8

• Zero divided by any number equals to zero.

e.g. 0 ÷ 3 = 0  or  0 ÷ 6 = 0  or  0 ÷ 10 = 0

Questions and Answers on Basic Division Facts:

I. Write the division facts using the division symbol for each picture.

(i) Share 8 erasers between 2 children.

8  ÷ 2 = 4

(ii) Share 4 scissors between 2 children.

4  ÷ __ = __

(iii) Share 14 keys between 2 children.

14  ÷ __ = __

(iv) Share 12 pens between 2 children.

12  ÷ __ = __

Answer:

I. (ii) 4  ÷ 2 = 2

(iii) 14 ÷ 2 = 7

(iv) 12 ÷ 2 = 6

II. Fill in the blanks -

(i) 0 ÷ 5 = _____

(ii) 0 ÷ 6 = _____

(iii) 0 ÷ 8 = _____

(iv) 0 ÷ 9 = _____

(v) 4 ÷ 1 = _____

(vi) 3 ÷ 1 = _____

(vii) 2 ÷ 1 = _____

(viii) 6 ÷ 1 = _____

(ix) 2 ÷ 2 = _____

(x) 5 ÷ 5 = _____

(xi) 6 ÷ 6 = _____

(xii) 8 ÷ 8 = _____

(xiii) 7 ÷ 1 = _____

(xiv) 3 ÷ 3 = _____

(xv) 0 ÷ 2 = _____

(xvi) 6 ÷ 1 = _____

(xvii) 8 ÷ 1 = _____

(xviii) 9 ÷ 1 = _____

(xix) 0 ÷ 4 = _____

(xx) 5 ÷ 1 = _____

(xxi) 0 ÷ 3 = _____

(xxii) 0 ÷ 7 = _____

(xxiii) 9 ÷ 9 = _____

(xxiv) 1 ÷ 1 = _____

Answer:

II. (i) 0

(ii) 0

(iii) 0 

(iv) 0

(v) 4

(vi) 3

(vii) 2

(viii) 6

(ix) 1

(x) 1

(xi) 1

(xii) 1

(xiii) 7

(xiv)1

(xv) 0

(xvi) 6

(xvii) 8

(xviii) 9

(xix) 0

(xx) 5

(xxi) 0

(xxii) 0

(xxiii) 1

(xxiv) 1

III. Fill in the blanks -

(i) 6 ÷ _____ = 6

(ii) 2 ÷ _____ = 2

(iii) 2 ÷ _____ = 1

(iv) 4 ÷ _____ = 0

(v) _____ ÷ 9 = 0

(vi) _____ ÷ 8 = 1

(vii) _____ ÷ 3 = 3

(viii) _____ ÷ 2 = 1

(ix) 5 ÷ _____ = 1

(x) 7 ÷ _____ = 1

(xi) 6 ÷ _____ = 6

(xii) 1 ÷ _____ = 3

(xiii) _____ ÷ 7 = 0

(xiv) _____ ÷ 1 = 8

(xv) _____ ÷ 6 = 1

(xvi) 6 ÷ _____ = 0

2nd Grade Math Practice

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